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ID Category Severity Type Date Submitted Last Update
0001208 [1003.1(2016/18)/Issue7+TC2] System Interfaces Objection Enhancement Request 2018-09-07 18:39 2024-06-11 09:08
Reporter eblake View Status public  
Assigned To
Priority normal Resolution Accepted As Marked  
Status Closed  
Name Eric Blake
Organization Red Hat
User Reference posix_spawn.chdir
Section posix_spawn
Page Number 1452 ff.
Line Number 48227 ff.
Interp Status ---
Final Accepted Text Note: 0004832
Summary 0001208: calling chdir as part of posix_spawn
Description One notable missing feature from posix_spawn is the ability to change the initial working directory of the new process. Of course, in the common case, it is possible to exec a shim process that will change the directory (GNU coreutils has 'env -C dir program ...' that will do this, but the standard itself does not have such a shim program, so users have to come up with their own). But even more complex is the fact that posix_spawn can change access permissions with POSIX_SPAWN_RESETIDS, such that the parent may have permission to change to a particular directory, but the child with a different id cannot do so. There is also the case that a multi-threaded parent process can use openat() to open files relative to a particular directory without changing the global state of the current working directory, but there is no interface for openat() within posix_spawn (and it may be prohibitively expensive to convert a relative name into an absolute one). Thus, it can be argued that changing the directory needs to be directly part of posix_spawn().

Solaris has implemented an extension for chdir with a _np suffix (non-portable), and documents that relative names for posix_spawn(,path,,,,) and posix_spawnp(,file,,,,) are interpreted to the working directory selected for the child:

https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E86824_01/html/E54766/posix-spawn-file-actions-addchdir-np-3c.html [^]

I'm proposing that we standardize this, but drop the _np suffix (since by standardizing it, it will no longer be non-portable), and also add a counterpart for fchdir. The addition of fchdir makes it possible to simulate openat semantics without actually needing to add posix_spawn_file_actions_addopenat.

Note that I did not standardize the notion of a chroot file action (in part due to no existing practice), although such an extension may still make sense.

Fix a couple of issues in posix_spawn_file_addclose while at it: you can't delete open/close actions from an existing file_actions object, only add more; and ENOMEM should be a 'shall fail' rather than 'may fail' error to match posix_spawn_file_adddup2.

Yes, the additions to the XRAT example are just as borked as the existing implementation for handling an addopen action at lines 126723-126763 and 126852-126860 (very easy to write beyond end of fixed-length array, parse failure on filename containing '*', failure to fail with EBADF for negative filedes, etc) - but being consistently bad in something that is mainly for demo purposes isn't the end of the world. The use of _exit() instead of exit() in the example matches the resolution for 0001044.
Desired Action Proposed changes (2017 edition page and line numbers):

On page 341 line 11588 (XBD <spawn.h>), insert
int posix_spawn_file_actions_addchdir(posix_spawn_file_actions_t *restrict, const char *restrict);


On page 341 line 11592 (<spawn.h>), insert
int posix_spawn_file_actions_addfchdir(posix_spawn_file_actions_t *, int);


On page 1453 line 48227 (XSH posix_spawn DESCRIPTION), change:
a pathname that identifies the new process image file to execute.
to:
a pathname that identifies the new process image file to execute; if the pathname does not start with a <slash> it shall be interpreted relative to the working directory of the child process after all file_actions have been performed.


On page 1453 line 48229, change:
the file parameter shall be used as the pathname for the new process image file.
to:
the file parameter shall be used as the pathname for the new process image file; if this pathname does not start with a <slash> it shall be interpreted relative to the working directory of the child process after all file_actions have been performed.


On page 1453 line 48239, add a sentence to the paragraph:
The current working directory of the child process shall be the same as it is in the parent process.


On page 1453 line 48250, change:
The file actions specified by the spawn file actions object shall be performed in the order in which they were added to the spawn file actions object.
to:
The file actions specified by the spawn file actions object shall be performed in the order in which they were added to the spawn file actions object, and relative file names in a given action shall be interpreted in relation to the tracked working directory. The tracked working directory shall begin with the current working directory of the parent process, and may be altered according to chdir or fchdir file actions; the current working directory of the child process shall be the final state of the tracked working directory after all file actions have been applied.


On page 1455 line 48346 (posix_spawn ERRORS), change:
If the file_actions argument is not NULL, and specifies any close, dup2, or open actions to be performed, and if posix_spawn( ) or posix_spawnp( ) fails for any of the reasons that would cause close( ), dup2( ), or open( ) to fail, an error value shall be returned as described by close( ), dup2( ), and open( ), respectively
to:
If the file_actions argument is not NULL, and specifies any chdir, close, dup2, fchdir, or open actions to be performed, and if posix_spawn( ) or posix_spawnp( ) fails for any of the reasons that would cause chdir( ), close( ), dup2( ), fchdir( ), or open( ) to fail, an error value shall be returned as described by chdir( ), close( ), dup2( ), fchdir( ), and open( ), respectively


On page 1456 line 48380 (posix_spawn RATIONALE), change:
control of six types of inheritance: file descriptors,
to:
control of seven types of inheritance: file descriptors, current working directory,


On page 1456 line 48386, insert a sentence between the two existing sentences:
Control of the current working directory is required because the parent process may want to constrain the resources that the child process can reach from its current working directory or affect how relative pathnames are interpreted, while recognizing that a multi-threaded parent process would require a lot of overhead to safely change its own working directory prior to creating the child process.


On page 1459 line 48518 (posix_spawn SEE ALSO), add in sorted order:
posix_spawn_file_actions_addchdir( ),


On page 1460, insert a new interface:
posix_spawn_file_actions_addchdir( )
NAME
posix_spawn_file_actions_addchdir, posix_spawn_file_actions_addfchdir - add chdir or fchdir action to spawn file actions object (ADVANCED REALTIME)
SYNOPSIS
<SPN>#include <spawn.h>
int posix_spawn_file_actions_addchdir(posix_spawn_file_actions_t *restrict file_actions, const char *restrict path);
int posix_spawn_file_actions_addfchdir(posix_spawn_file_actions_t *file_actions, int filedes);</SPN>
DESCRIPTION
The posix_spawn_file_actions_addchdir( ) function shall add a chdir action to the object referenced by file_actions that shall cause the working directory to be set to path (as if chdir(path) had been called) when a new process is spawned using this file actions object. A relative path shall be interpreted in relation to the working directory determined by any prior actions. The string described by path shall be copied by the posix_spawn_file_actions_addchdir( ) function.
The posix_spawn_file_actions_addfchdir( ) function shall add a fchdir action to the object referenced by file_actions that shall cause the working directory to be set to filedes (as if fchdir(filedes) had been called) when a new process is spawned using this file actions object.
A spawn file actions object is as defined in posix_spawn_file_actions_addclose( ).
RETURN VALUE
Upon successful completion, these functions shall return zero; otherwise, an error number shall be returned to indicate the error.
ERRORS
The posix_spawn_file_actions_addfchdir( ) function shall fail if:
[EBADF] The value specified by fildes is negative.
These functions shall fail if:
[ENOMEM] Insufficient memory exists to add to the spawn file actions object.
It shall not be considered an error for the path or fildes argument passed to these functions to specify a path or file descriptor for which the specified operation could not be performed at the time of the call. Any such error will be detected when the associated file actions object is later used during a posix_spawn( ) or posix_spawnp( ) operation.
These functions may fail if:
[EINVAL] The value specified by file_actions is invalid.
EXAMPLES
None.
APPLICATION USAGE
The posix_spawn_file_actions_addchdir( ) and posix_spawn_file_actions_addfchdir( ) functions are part of the Spawn option and need not be provided on all implementations.
Changing the working directory of a child process can be useful when invoking utilities such as pax. Furthermore, the ability to add fchdir actions to posix_spawn( ) gives the caller as much control over relative pathnames processed in the context of the child as it would otherwise have using openat( ), since all file actions are processed in sequence in the context of the child at a point where the child process is still single-threaded. Without chdir or fchdir actions, changing the working directory of the child would require a shim utility (some implementations provide
env -C /new/path program args...
as an extension, but the standard does not require this extension), or else temporarily changing the working directory in the parent process prior to calling posix_spawn( ) (but this requires locking in a multi-threaded process, to ensure that no other thread is impacted by the temporary change to global state).
File actions are performed in a new process created by posix_spawn( ) or posix_spawnp( ) in the same order that they were added to the file actions object. Thus, the execution of an addopen action that was created by a call to posix_spawn_file_actions_addopen( ) that specifies a relative path will be affected by the execution of a chdir or fchdir action that was created by a previous call to posix_spawn_file_actions_addchdir( ) or posix_spawn_file_actions_addfchdir( ). Likewise, a relative path passed to posix_spawn( ) will be affected by the last chdir or fchdir action in the file action list.
RATIONALE
Refer to the RATIONALE section in posix_spawn_file_actions_addclose( ).
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
None.
SEE ALSO
chdir( ), fchdir( ), posix_spawn( ), posix_spawn_file_actions_addclose( ), posix_spawn_file_actions_destroy( ).
XBD <spawn.h>
CHANGE HISTORY
First released in Issue 8. Derived from Solaris posix_spawn_file_actions_addchdir_np.


On page 1460 line 48545 (posix_spawn_file_actions_addclose DESCRIPTION), remove:
or delete


On page 1460 line 48565, add a sentence:
A relative path shall be interpreted in relation to the working directory determined by any prior actions.


On page 1461 line 48576 (posix_spawn_file_actions_addclose ERRORS), insert:
These functions shall fail if:
[ENOMEM] Insufficient memory exists to add to the spawn file actions object.


On page 1461 line 48578, delete:
[ENOMEM] Insufficient memory exists to add to the spawn file actions object.


On page 1461 line 48597 (posix_spawn_file_actions_addclose RATIONALE), change:
A spawn file actions object may be initialized to contain an ordered sequence of close( ), dup2( ), and open( ) operations to be used by posix_spawn( ) or posix_spawnp( ) to arrive at the set of open file descriptors inherited by the spawned process from the set of open file descriptors in the parent at the time of the posix_spawn( ) or posix_spawnp( ) call.
to:
A spawn file actions object may be initialized to contain an ordered sequence of chdir( ), close( ), dup2( ), fchdir( ), and open( ) operations to be used by posix_spawn( ) or posix_spawnp( ) to arrive at the set of open file descriptors and current working directory inherited by the spawned process from the set of open file descriptors and current working directory in the parent at the time of the posix_spawn( ) or posix_spawnp( ) call.


On page 1462 line 48654 (posix_spawn_file_actions_addclose SEE ALSO), add in sorted order:
posix_spawn_file_actions_addchdir( ),


On page 1465, insert a new forwarding page:
posix_spawn_file_actions_addfchdir( )
NAME
posix_spawn_file_actions_addfchdir — add fchdir action to spawn file actions object (ADVANCED REALTIME)
SYNOPSIS
<SPN>#include <spawn.h>
int posix_spawn_file_actions_addfchdir(posix_spawn_file_actions_t
* file_actions, int fildes);</SPN>
DESCRIPTION
Refer to posix_spawn_file_actions_addchdir( ).


On page 3695 line 126592 (XRAT B.3.3 Examples for Spawn), insert:
int posix_spawn_file_actions_addchdir(
  posix_spawn_file_actions_t *restrict file_actions,
  const char *restrict path);


On page 3695 line 126597, insert:
int posix_spawn_file_actions_addfchdir(
   posix_spawn_file_actions_t *file_actions, int filedes);


On page 3699 line 126764, insert with correct indentation:
else if (strncmp(p, "chdir(", 6) == 0)
{
    char path[1000]; /* Should be dynamic */
    char *q;

    p += 6
    q = strchr(p, '*');
    if (q == NULL)
        _exit(127);
    strncpy(path, p, q - p);
    path[q - p] = '\0';
    if (chdir(path) == -1)
        _exit(127);
}
else if (strncmp(p, "fchdir(", 7) == 0)
{
    int fd;

    if (sscanf(p + 7, "%d)", &fd) != 1)
        _exit(127);
    if (fchdir(fd) == -1)
        _exit(127);
}


On page 3700 line 126835, insert with correct indentation:
/* Add a chdir action to object. */
int posix_spawn_file_actions_addchdir(
    posix_spawn_file_actions_t *restrict file_actions,
    const char *restrict path)
{
    char temp[100];

    sprintf(temp, "chdir(%s*)", path);
    return add_to_file_actions(file_actions, temp);
}
/* Add a fchdir action to object. */
int posix_spawn_file_actions_addfchdir(
    posix_spawn_file_actions_t *file_actions, int filedes)
{
    char temp[100];

    sprintf(temp, "fchdir(%d)", filedes);
    return add_to_file_actions(file_actions, temp);
}

Tags issue8
Attached Files

- Relationships
related to 0001044Closed 1003.1(2013)/Issue7+TC1 Calling setsid as part of posix_spawn 
related to 0001674Closed 1003.1(2016/18)/Issue7+TC2 may posix_spawnp() fail with ENOEXEC? 
related to 0000411Closedajosey 1003.1(2008)/Issue 7 adding atomic FD_CLOEXEC support 

-  Notes
(0004109)
eblake (manager)
2018-09-07 19:02

Perhaps the two cleanups in posix_spawn_file_actions_addclose (deleting a spurious "or delete", and turning ENOMEM into shall fail instead of may fail) should be split into a separate bug targeted at TC3. Also, such a separate bug could add even more disclaimers into the XRAT example code about how insecure it is, and that it exists merely as a starting point rather than a robust implementation.
(0004110)
eblake (manager)
2018-09-07 22:18

As a side note: Windows CreateProcess() already supports changing directories at the time of spawning a child. While you wouldn't typically see posix_spawn() and CreateProcess() mixed in the same program, it is nice to know that the concept of changing directory for the child process is already common in an existing OS.
(0004111)
eblake (manager)
2018-09-07 22:44
edited on: 2018-09-07 22:58

In fact, we could get by with JUST posix_spawn_file_actions_addfchdir(posix_spawn_file_actions_t*, int), since:

posix_spawn_file_actions_addchdir(&act, "foo");

can be rewritten as:

posix_spawn_file_actions_addopen(&act, 5, "foo", O_RDONLY|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC, 0);
posix_spawn_file_actions_addfchdir(&act, 5);

modulo any issues with running out of available fds.

Since the existing Solaris implementation uses const char* for the _addchdir() name, we'd definitely want to spell things as addfchdir() for an int version rather than risk confusion why addchdir() takes a different type than addchdir_np().

But with that said, here's an exploratory patch originally proposed to glibc implementing an fchdir action under the name addchdir() (but which never went anywhere at the time) - 8 years ago!
https://sourceware.org/ml/libc-alpha/2010-08/msg00107.html [^]

(0004353)
eblake (manager)
2019-04-04 15:31

https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=17405 [^] documents that glibc introduced posix_spawn_file_actions_addfchdir_np() in Dec 2018. (The _np suffix was intentional meaning "non-portable", in case any semantics have to change slightly to match what we decide here; a simple alias rename is the obvious action if everything matches)
(0004354)
eblake (manager)
2019-04-04 15:46

Based on discussion in the 2019-04-04 call, and with original poster's consent, the desired action was updated in-place with an edit to this paragraph:
File actions are performed in a new process created by posix_spawn( ) or posix_spawnp( ) in the same order that they were added to the file actions object. Thus, the execution of an addopen action that was created by a call to posix_spawn_file_actions_addopen( ) that specifies a relative path will be affected by the execution of a chdir or fchdir action that was created by a previous call to posix_spawn_file_actions_addchdir( ) or posix_spawn_file_actions_addfchdir( ). Likewise, a relative path passed to posix_spawn( ) will be affected by the last chdir or fchdir action in the file action list.

The paragraph still occurs in the text proposed to be added in the new interface addition after page 1460, but was moved from DESCRIPTION to APPLICATION USAGE.
(0004830)
geoffclare (manager)
2020-04-27 09:08
edited on: 2020-04-27 15:27

Reopening because the following change to posix_spawnp() is incorrect.

On page 1453 line 48229, change:
the file parameter shall be used as the pathname for the new process image file.
to:

the file parameter shall be used as the pathname for the new process image file; if this pathname does not start with a <slash> it shall be interpreted relative to the working directory of the child process after all file_actions have been performed.

It should be something like the following.

On page 1452 line 48232, change:
a search of the directories passed as the environment variable PATH (see XBD Chapter 8, on page NNN).
to:
a search of the directories passed as the environment variable PATH (see XBD Chapter 8, on page NNN), using the working directory of the child process after all file_actions have been performed.


(0004832)
geoffclare (manager)
2020-04-27 15:33

Implement the desired action, as amended by Note: 0004830

- Issue History
Date Modified Username Field Change
2018-09-07 18:39 eblake New Issue
2018-09-07 18:39 eblake Name => Eric Blake
2018-09-07 18:39 eblake Organization => Red Hat
2018-09-07 18:39 eblake User Reference => posix_spawn.chdir
2018-09-07 18:39 eblake Section => posix_spawn
2018-09-07 18:39 eblake Page Number => 1452 ff.
2018-09-07 18:39 eblake Line Number => 48227 ff.
2018-09-07 18:39 eblake Interp Status => ---
2018-09-07 18:39 eblake Relationship added related to 0001044
2018-09-07 18:44 eblake Desired Action Updated
2018-09-07 18:46 eblake Desired Action Updated
2018-09-07 18:49 eblake Desired Action Updated
2018-09-07 18:51 eblake Desired Action Updated
2018-09-07 18:53 eblake Desired Action Updated
2018-09-07 18:55 eblake Desired Action Updated
2018-09-07 18:55 eblake Tag Attached: issue8
2018-09-07 19:02 eblake Note Added: 0004109
2018-09-07 19:04 eblake Desired Action Updated
2018-09-07 19:29 eblake Desired Action Updated
2018-09-07 19:35 eblake Description Updated
2018-09-07 22:18 eblake Note Added: 0004110
2018-09-07 22:44 eblake Note Added: 0004111
2018-09-07 22:58 eblake Note Edited: 0004111
2018-09-10 16:32 eblake Relationship added related to 0000411
2019-04-04 15:31 eblake Note Added: 0004353
2019-04-04 15:46 eblake Note Added: 0004354
2019-04-04 15:47 eblake Desired Action Updated
2019-04-04 15:50 nick Status New => Resolved
2019-04-04 15:50 nick Resolution Open => Accepted
2020-04-27 09:08 geoffclare Note Added: 0004830
2020-04-27 09:08 geoffclare Status Resolved => Under Review
2020-04-27 09:08 geoffclare Resolution Accepted => Reopened
2020-04-27 09:10 geoffclare Tag Detached: issue8
2020-04-27 15:27 geoffclare Note Edited: 0004830
2020-04-27 15:33 geoffclare Note Added: 0004832
2020-04-27 15:34 geoffclare Final Accepted Text => Note: 0004832
2020-04-27 15:34 geoffclare Status Under Review => Resolved
2020-04-27 15:34 geoffclare Resolution Reopened => Accepted As Marked
2020-04-27 15:35 geoffclare Tag Attached: issue8
2020-05-19 11:01 geoffclare Status Resolved => Applied
2023-04-19 17:05 eblake Relationship added related to 0001674
2024-06-11 09:08 agadmin Status Applied => Closed


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